Simulation-based ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation training program.

PURPOSE: To propose a simulation-based ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation skills' training program, during residency. METHODS: This study describes the strategies for learning the ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation on low-fidelity bench models. The preparation of bench models, educational goals, processes of skill acquisition, feedback and evaluation methods were also outlined. The training program was based on key references to the subject. RESULTS: It was formulated a simulation-based ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation teaching program on low-fidelity bench models. CONCLUSION: A simulation-based inexpensive, low-stress, no-risk learning program on low-fidelity bench models was proposed to facilitate acquisition of ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation skills by residents-in-training before exposure to the living patient.

Simulation-based ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation training program

To propose a simulation-based ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation skills' training program, during residency. METHODS: This study describes the strategies for learning the ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation on low-fidelity bench models. The preparation of bench models, educational goals, processes of skill acquisition, feedback and evaluation methods were also outlined. The training program was based on key references to the subject. RESULTS: It was formulated a simulation-based ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation teaching program on low-fidelity bench models. CONCLUSION: A simulation-based inexpensive, low-stress, no-risk learning program on low-fidelity bench models was proposed to facilitate acquisition of ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation skills by residents-in-training before exposure to the living patient.

Acquisition of suture skills during medical graduation by instructor-directed training: a randomized controlled study comparing senior medical students and faculty surgeons.

Due to shortage of time and limited availability of faculty surgeons to teach basic surgical skills during medical graduation, the search for alternative ways of simulated training with feedback is needed. The purpose of this study was to compare the simulated teaching of suture skills to novice medical students by senior medical students and by experienced faculty surgeons. Forty-eight novice medical students were randomly assigned to three practice conditions on bench model (n = 16): self-directed suture training (control), senior medical student-directed suture skills' training, or experienced faculty surgeon-directed suture skills' training. Pre- and post-tests were applied. Global Rating Scale with blinded evaluation and self-perceived confidence based on Likert scale were used to assess all suture performances in pre- and post-training. Effect size was also calculated. The analysis made after training showed that the students who received feedback from the instructors had better performance based on the Global Rating Scale (all p < 0.0000) and felt more confident to carry out sutures (all p < 0.0000) when compared to the control. There was no significant difference (all p > 0.05) between the student-directed teaching and faculty-directed teaching groups. The magnitude of the effect (instructor-directed training suture) was considered large (>0.80) in all measurements. The acquisition of suture skills after student-directed training was similar to the training supervised by faculty surgeon, and the increase in suture performances of trainees that received instructor administered training was superior to self-directed learning.

Diospyrobezoar as a cause of small bowel obstruction.

Phytobezoar, a concretion of indigestible fibers derived from ingested vegetables and fruits, is the most common type of bezoar. Diospyrobezoar is a subtype of phytobezoar formed after excessive intake of persimmons (Diospyros kaki). We report the case of a diabetic man with a 5-day history of abdominal pain after massive ingestion of persimmons who developed signs of complicated small bowel obstruction. The patient had a previous history of Billroth II hemigastrectomy associated with truncal vagotomy to treat a chronic duodenal ulcer 14 years earlier. Since intestinal obstruction was suspected, he underwent emergency laparotomy that revealed an ileal obstruction with small bowel perforation and local peritonitis due to a phytobezoar that was impacted 15 cm above the ileocecal valve. After segmental intestinal resection, the patient had a good recovery and was discharged on the 6th postoperative day. This report provides evidence that diospyrobezoar should be considered as a possible cause of small bowel obstruction in patients who have previously undergone gastric surgery.

Cuidados no fim da vida: o ensino médico no Brasil / End-of-life care education in Brazilian medical schools

INTRODUÇÃO: Há importância na análise do ensino-aprendizagem na graduação médica que permita identificar oportunidades de melhoria no ensino dos cuidados no final da vida. OBJETIVO: Descrever atitudes e práticas do ensino dos cuidados no fim da vida no Brasil conforme relatado pelos coordenadores de curso. MÉTODO: Questionário sobre o ensino dos cuidados no fim da vida foi aplicado em 179 coordenadores de escolas de medicina brasileiras. RESULTADOS: Cinqüenta e oito coordenadores participaram (32,4%). A maioria (96,6%) considerou muito importante o ensino dos cuidados no fim da vida. Setenta e três por cento acredita que o tempo para ensinar sobre os cuidados paliativos em seus currículos é insuficiente, sendo sua prioridade insuficiente ou inexistente em 50,9% das opiniões. O pequeno número de docentes especializados foi considerado como uma das barreiras para incorporar esse ensino no currículo da graduação. CONCLUSÃO: As atitudes e práticas quanto ao ensino dos cuidados no fim da vida nas escolas médicas sugerem limitações. Embora os atuais coordenadores acreditem em sua importância, ainda é dada pouca prioridade ao ensino deste tema no Brasil.

BACKGROUND: There is importance in analysis of tech-learning in the medical schools that allows identify opportunities of improvement in end-of-life care education. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is describe end-of-care teaching attitudes and practices in undergraduate medical curriculum in Brazil as reported by the course coordinators. METHOD: A questionnaire about end-of-life care was applied on 179 course coordinators of medical schools in Brazil. RESULTS: Fifty-eight coordinators participated (32,4%). Most of them (96,6%) considered end-of-life care education as very important. Seventy-tree percent believes that the time to teaching about palliative care in their curriculum is insufficient. The priority given to education in palliative care is considered insufficient or inexistent in 50,9% of cases. The small number of faculty expertise is one of barriers to incorporate end-life-care in the medical school's curriculum. CONCLUSION: Attitudes and practices suggest that end-life-care education has limitations in undergraduate medical Brazilian curriculum. Even so the current coordinators believe its importance still is given little priority to the education of this subject in Brazil.

Basic Plastic Surgery Skills Training Program on Inanimate Bench Models during Medical Graduation.

Due to ethical and medical-legal drawbacks, high costs, and difficulties of accessibility that are inherent to the practice of basic surgical skills on living patients, fresh human cadaver, and live animals, the search for alternative forms of training is needed. In this study, the teaching and learning process of basic surgical skills pertinent to plastic surgery during medical education on different inanimate bench models as a form of alternative and complementary training to the teaching programs already established is proposed.